I dunno about the motor being subjected to more wear, but my 1.8 certainly hates the heat. Becomes very sluggish, harder to start and if you kick in the A/C then you can pretty much forget about any sort of performance.
The biggest issue is keeping the vehicles oil and water temperature under control. Clearly 40 degree air hitting the radiator is not as effective at keeping the oil and water temperature low as 15 degree air.
Alot of people on here are all for de-restricting the air intakes to allow more air to pass, hence eliminating some of these problems.